Author: Lucile Turc

Our next Kumpula Physics colloquium in the spring series will take place on Friday, May 5th at 14:15. Our speaker will be Tuija Saresma, who is a senior lecturer at the Research Centre for Contemporary Culture at the University of Jyväskylä

Tuija Saresma holds the title of Docent (Adjunct/Associate Professor) in Cultural Studies and Gender Studies at the universities of Jyväskylä, Helsinki, and Eastern Finland. She has published widely on hate speech and online hate and harassment. Her recent publications include peer-reviewed articles and academic book chapters on hate speech, affective communities on the internet, right-wing populism, gendered violence online, as well as two reports on hate speech by the Finnish Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities. Saresma takes actively part in societal discussion, gives talks and writes popular texts for broad audiences, including several invited blog posts for NGOs and organizations. She is also a former chairperson and currently a board member of the Association for Gender Studies in Finland (SUNS) and the Association for Cultural Studies in Finland, and the treasurer of the international Association of Cultural Studies (ACS). Saresma was granted the Academic of the Year 2022 Prize by the Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers.

In her colloquium, titled Hate Speech Online – a threat to equality, participation and academic freedom, Tuija Saresma will discuss how hate speech impact public decision-making processes and affects both individuals and society.

The event will be held on Friday 05.05.23 at 14:15, in Physicum E204 and on Zoom (Meeting ID: 673 9114 9743 – Passcode: kumpula).

Here is her abstract:

The concept of hate speech refers to demeaning, threatening, or stigmatising expressions often based on intolerance and hatred and targeted at a certain person or group of people based on their gender, sexual orientation, ethnic background or race. Online hate is a phenomenon that touches practically everybody in the digitalized contemporary culture. On the internet, easy distribution of content is combined with the ability to communicate to large audiences. Hate speech has become more frequent with digitalisation and the growing popularity of social media. It also coincides with the right-wing populist upheaval.

Our research Hate and Power (2019) analyses the impact of hate speech on public decision-making processes as well as its scale and quality. According to the survey, the experience of hate speech is widespread: A third of municipal decision-makers had been targeted by hate speech because of their work. In recent years it has become apparent that it is not only politicians, but other public actors are also targets of hate speech and harassment. This is a cause for concern: Especially public officials, administrators, police, reporters, researchers and politicians are regularly being targeted for hate speech. Among the producers of hate speech are, based on our research Online hate (published 2022), there is a group of ideological online hate producers that deliberately aim at affecting the political discussion.

Online hate and harassment have negative consequences for both individuals and society: they affect communication, politics, the work of professionals, and freedom of speech, which is the funding pillar of democratic societies. Online hate, threat, and harassment as a new form of violence should be taken seriously: this digitally mediated abuse is an integral part of the chain of violence that links misogynistic gender-based violence, violent political discussion and societal structures, and ideological and political violence. Thus, affective discursive expressions of hatred that spread through social media are not only violent themselves but also pave the way for an ideological readiness to use other types of violence.

Our first Physics Colloquium for the new academic year will take place on Friday, October 7th. We will have a presentation to be given by Aleksi Vuorinen, who recently became a Full Professor in our department.

Aleksi obtained his PhD in theoretical physics at the University of Helsinki in 2004. After postdocs at the University of Washington and CERN, he established his own group in Bielefeld, funded by the Sofja Kovalevskaja award. He then returned to Helsinki as an Academy Research Fellow in 2013, where he obtained an ERC Consolidator Grant in 2016. His research interests focus on quantum chromodynamics and other quantum field theories at nonzero temperature and density, with applications to the physics of neutron stars and the early Universe. In 2022, he received the Magnus Ehrnrooth Award for his work on the application of quantum chromodynamics to the properties of high-density quark matter.

In his colloquium, titled Neutron-star cores as a laboratory for particle physics, Aleksi will present recent results on the physics taking place in the heart of neutron stars.

The event was held on Friday 07.10.22 at 14:15, in Physicum E204.
Link to video: https://unitube.it.helsinki.fi/unitube/embed.html?id=b8a5ad64-6366-4ff3-871f-10aeb011e37d

Here is his abstract:

Neutron stars contain the densest matter found in our present-day Universe, with the density of their cores greatly exceeding that of individual nucleons. These conditions may in fact be extreme enough for the appearance of an entirely new phase of matter consisting of quarks and gluons liberated from their color confinement: quark matter. Whether this is indeed the case and massive neutron stars contain quark-matter cores is one of the major unsolved problems of modern nuclear astrophysics.

In my talk, I will describe recent efforts to combine ab-initio nuclear and particle theory calculations with neutron-star observations to constrain the properties of matter inside neutron-star cores. Our earlier results have already indicated that the centers of maximally massive neutron stars behave in a way expected of deconfined quark matter – a conclusion that has recently been strengthened by our new preliminary data. I will argue that with expected improvements from both particle theory calculations and astrophysical measurements, a robust discovery of quark-matter cores is only a matter of time.

Our next Physics Colloquium will take place on Friday, March 25th. We will have a presentation on 2D material systems to be given by Thomas Michely, who is professor of experimental physics at the II. Physikalisches Institut of the University of Cologne.

Thomas investigates surface processes, nanostructures and 2D materials. In his research, he employs scanning tunneling microscopy, -spectroscopy, and a variety of synchrotron based methods to study for example the growth, defects, magnetic and electronic properties of 2D materials and ultrathin films, and the interaction of energetic ions with surfaces and 2D materials. He has studied physics and philosophy at the University of Bonn, and has been working at the Research Center Jülich until 1997 and at RWTH Aachen until 2006. He won the Wayne B. Nottingham Prize and the Günther-Leibfried Preis in 1992, and the Gaede Preis of the German Vacuum Society in 2000.

In his colloquium, titled About 2D crystals of clusters and correlated electrons in 1D cavities, Thomas will give us an overview of recent findings on the fabrication and properties of 2D material systems.

The event will be held on Friday 25.03.22 at 14:15 on Zoom (Meeting ID: 670 0174 5900 – Passcode: 994871).

Here is his abstract:

The diversity of 2D materials systems has been increasing substantially over the last years, and each new system offers new and exciting research opportunities. While a prime route for increasing complexity is the fabrication of 2D layer vertical heterostructures by stamping, in the present talk in situ fabrication of 2D material systems with new functionalities and properties are under concern. Three surprising examples will provide insight into the fabrication and the physics of these material systems.

First we will talk about cluster superlattice membranes, a new type of crystalline 2D material for nano-catalysis and nano-magnetism being itself largely composed of amorphous carbon. Second it will be shown that doping of graphene through an intercalation layer on its backside not only fundamentally changes its frontside reactivity, but even may induce phase transition in 2D materials placed on it. Lastly we will take a look into 1D cavities in 2D materials that host strongly correlated electrons of split nature.

 

Our next Physics Colloquium will take place on Friday, March 4th. We will have a presentation on the European Innovation Council to be given by Marja Makarow, President of Academia Europaea and current board member of the EIC.

Marja Makarow’s research domain is molecular cell biology, and until 2021 she was the Director of Biocenter Finland. She is the former Vice President of the Academy of Finland (2012-2016), Chief Executive of the European Science Foundation ESF in Strasbourg France (2008-2011), and Vice-Rector (2003-2007) and Professor of Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the University of Helsinki. She is Board member of the European Innovation Council EIC. She chaired till recently Technology Academy Finland that awards the Millennium Technology Prize for ground-breaking innovations. She has been decorated in Finland (Commander of the Order of the White Lion) and France (Chevalier de l’Ordre de Legion d’Honneur) for her achievements in science, science policy and international research collaboration.

In her colloquium, titled European Innovation Council: Concept and funding instruments, Marja will give us an overview of this council and the funding opportunities it provides.

The event will be held on Friday 04.03.22 at 14:15 in Physicum E204. It will also be streamed on Zoom (Meeting ID: 692 0310 6459 – Passcode: 905176).

Here is her abstract:

The European Innovation Council programme of Horizon Europe offers funding opportunities for academic research groups developing emerging technologies, as well as for research-based innovative start-ups to scale-up. The credo of the EIC is that while Europe’s research performance is at top level, translation of findings of fundamental research to benefits for society is lagging. The EIC programme with its 10 billion euro budget calls deep tech researchers and research-based start-ups to apply for funding and contribute to intellectual and financial growth of Europe.

Our first Physics Colloquium for the year 2022 will take place on Friday, January 28th. We will have a presentation to be given by Kimmo Tuominen, who recently became a Full Professor in our department.

Kimmo Tuominen obtained his PhD in the University of Jyväskylä in 2001. As a university lecturer he moved from Jyväskylä to Helsinki in 2013. He leads the research group focusing on dark matter theories, particle cosmology and, in collaboration with Kari Rummukainen, on fundamental properties of gauge theories. Since his early career, Kimmo has participated in teaching and development of higher education. He was nominated to the teacher’s academy in the University of Helsinki in 2017. He is currently the director of the Master’s programme in Theoretical and Computational methods and the vice-director of the Bachelor’s programme in physical sciences.

In his colloquium, titled Phases of gauge theories, Kimmo will present recent results in lattice field theory and its contribution to understanding gauge theory dynamics.

The event will be held on Friday 28.01.22 at 14:15, on Zoom (Meeting ID: 669 7589 3454  – Passcode: 543849).

Here is his abstract:

Our current understanding of elementary particles and their interactions rests on the paradigm of gauge theories. One of the most fundamental questions about a given gauge theory is its phase diagram. In particle phenomenology, this knowledge is needed, for example, to understand the Higgs sector or to build models of particle dark matter. Determining the vacuum phase of a nonabelian gauge theory requires understanding gauge theory dynamics beyond perturbation theory and is a computational grand challenge. Over the past decade significant results have been obtained by the international lattice field theory community in general and by the Helsinki lattice group in particular. I will review the motivations of these computations, summarize the present state-of-the-art results and discuss their scientific and societal impact.