On May 7-9 scholars from Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and the United States gathered in Copenhagen for a workshop titled, “Functions of Psalms and Prayers in Late Second Temple Period Judaism.” The workshop took place under the auspices of the University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Theology, and was organized by Mika Pajunen, Trine Bjørnung Hasselbalch, Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme, Jeremy Penner, and Årstein Justnes. This workshop was part one of a two-part program, the second to be held in Helsinki on September 24-25 of this year.
Biblical scholars often treat idealistic expectations – for kings or eras – as “eschatological” or “messianic” expectations. Yet this sort of analysis often elides the rhetorical nature of the source texts. Messianism and eschatology are complex and important ideas, but they need to be carefully understood within the ways in which humans communicate with each other. Only when a broader rhetorical context is understood can particular concepts such as these be analyzed effectively, and thus appreciated on their own terms – why an author or a community found them appealing at a particular moment in time. I analyze the rhetoric of Obama’s first presidential campaign as a recent comparator, using Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and recent work on hyperbole. The results of this discussion are then applied to four sample passages from the context of Hebrew Bible to argue that idealistic or “utopian” language need not necessarily imply any of the ideas associated with messianism or millenarianism. In the final analysis this will mean that scholars must be more careful in delineating the diachronic development of ideas in ancient texts. Continue reading Understanding Rhetoric and Hyberbole in the Hebrew Bible→
The Hebrew Bible is a collection of layered works. Its books in their various forms have been creatively edited and interwoven by ancient redactor-scribes in various historical situations using multiple sources from different time periods. In order to understand these editorial processes and use the texts in reconstructing history, scholars use the method of redaction criticism. Building on the observations of literary criticism (that is ”source criticism”), redaction criticism asks, for example: what is the ideology/theology behind the editing? What has been included or left out in the work and why? What is the community behind the editor(s)? How can the different textual layers be dated? Continue reading Why the Septuagint Can No Longer Be Ignored in Redaction Criticism→
I am spending the most part of the academic year 2014–15 in Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Madrid is a major European capital and, for a Finn, a very large city: the surroundings of every Metro station is like a middle-sized Finnish town – only much livelier! There is a large old city centre, including the magnificent Palacio Real. For centuries, Madrid has been the city of the Spanish Kings, now of His Majesty Felipe VI. Continue reading Madrid, the City of Kings→
One of the goals of CSTT is to foster dialogue between different disciplines that analyze the texts belonging to the Ancient Mediterranean and ancient Near Eastern cultural contexts. While it has been acknowledged for long that various literary traditions preserved in the Hebrew Bible have their origins in ancient Near Eastern cultures, the legacy between the ancient Jewish literary traditions and Greek traditions has not been inquired as thoroughly. The relatively small numbers of studies focusing on their cross-cultural relationship is surprising, given that for centuries the Mediterranean area belonged to the Hellenistic empire established by Alexander the Great. Hellenistic ideas left their marks in Jewish texts in different ways. Continue reading Hebrew Bible Studies and Classical Studies – Still in the Beginning of a Fruitful Relationship?→
The Academy of Finland's Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Theology, University of Helsinki
